HANSHI’S DOJOS
Hanshi’s Dojo 1
Instructor: Hanshi Sapan B Chakraborty
Dojo: Alpa Bachat Bhavan,
Behind Council Hall, 7, Queens Garden Road,
Gate No.1. Art Gallery, Pune – 411001.
Maharashtra, India.
Hanshi’s Time: 12:00 pm – 9:00 pm
Hanshi’s Dojo 2
Instructor: Hanshi Sapan B Chakraborty,
Dojo: Don Bosco Centre,
4, Koregaon Park Road, P.B NO 216,
Near St. Mira’s College, Pune-411001.
Maharashtra, India.
Hanshi’s Time: 5:00 pm – 6:30 pm
Hanshi’s Dojo 3
Instructor: Hanshi Sapan B Chakraborty
Dojo: Poona Club,
No. 6, Bund Garden Road, Camp,
Pune-411001.
Maharashtra, India.
Hanshi’s Time: 5:00 pm – 8:30 pm
OTHER DOJOS
Instructor: Shihan Jacintha D’Souza
Dojo: RajGriha Co-operative Housing Society
Ashoka Hall,
Behind ABC Farm
NIBM Road, Pune-48, India
Timings: Monday – Saturday – Evening Batch : 5:00 pm – 6:30 pm
Instructor: Shihan Sushant Moze
Dojo: Ram Co-opreative Housing Society
Atur Bhavan, Alandi Road, Pune – 411006
Maharashtra, India.
Mobile: +91-9890307774
Timings: Monday to Friday – Evening Batch : 7:00 pm – 9:00 pm
Instructor: Shihan Sushant Moze
Dojo: Bramha Suncity Clubhouse, Yoga Hall,
Wagoansheri, Pune
Maharashtra, India.
Timings: Wednesday and Friday. Evening batch 5.30pm – 6.30pm
SCHOOL DOJOS
Instructor: Hanshi Sapan B Chakraborty
School: Mount Carmel School
Instructor: Shihan Jacintha D’Souza
School: St. Mira’s School
Instructor: Shihan Sushant Moze
School: St. Joseph High School
Instructor: Sensei Kavita Ghoran
School: St. Anne’s School
OTHER ACTIVITIES
Basketball, Trekking & Outdoor Vacation Camps (Winter & Summer)
at Alpa Bachat Bhavan
Ph: +91-020-26332551
Mobile: +91-9822601521
Don Bosco Centre,
4, Koregaon Park Road, P.B NO 216,
Near St. Mira’s College, Pune-411001.
Maharashtra, India.
Sports Training:
Monday-Saturday : 5.00 pm – 7 pm
Sunday (Only Team practice): 8 am to – 10 am
at Alpa Bachat Bhavan
INSTRUCTORS
Hanshi Sapan B Chakraborty
Grade : 8th Dan
Qualification : Graduate (Arts)
Profession : Martial Arts Coach
Practising Karate Since: 1969
Dojo : Alpa Bachat Bhavan
Contact Info : +91-9822601521, +91-20-26332551
Shihan Jacintha D’Souza
Grade : 6th Dan
Qualification : B Com
Profession : Teacher,Karate Instructor
Practising Karate Since: 1984
Dojo : RajGriha
Contact Info : +91-9822593007
Shihan Yogesh Dangare
Grade : 5th Dan
Qualification : BA
Profession : Business, Karate Instructor
Practising Karate Since : 1992
Dojo : Alpa Bachat Bhavan
Contact Info : +91-9325289568
Shihan Sushant Moze
Grade : 5th Dan
Qualification : BA
Profession : Banker
Practising Karate Since: 1993
Dojo : Ram Society
Contact Info : +91-9890307774
Sensei Sakhi Deshpande
Grade : 3rd Dan
Qualification : MA (Economics)
Profession : Student, Karate Instructor
Practising Karate Since: 1995
Dojo : Alpa Bachat Bhavan
Contact Info : +91-20-26332551
Sensei Prashant Kankokar
Grade : 3rd Dan
Qualification : BCS, MBA
Profession : Process Specialist
Practising Karate Since: 1997
Dojo : Alpa Bachat Bhavan
Contact Info : +91-9886078554
Sensei Kiran Alatgi
Grade : 3rd Dan
Qualification : BE (Comp), MBA
Profession : Process Consultant
Practising Karate Since: 1997
Dojo : Alpa Bachat Bhavan
Contact Info : +91-9890614614
Sensei Jatin Chakraborty
Grade : 4th Dan
Qualification : B Com
Profession : Advertising Professional
Practising Karate Since: 1994
Dojo : Alpa Bachat Bhavan
Contact Info : +91-9822548007
Sensei Hrishikesh Kankokar
Grade : 3rd Dan
Qualification : Engg-Aeronautic
Profession : Student, Karate Instructor
Practising Karate Since: 1998
Dojo : Alpa Bachat Bhavan
Contact Info : 91-20-26332551
Sensei Kavita Ghoran
Grade : 3rd Dan
Qualification : Bcom, MBA Marketing
Profession : Advertising Professional
Practising Karate Since: 1998
Dojo : Alpa Bachat Bhavan
Contact Info : +912026332551
Senpai Richa Mishra
Grade : 2nd Dan
Qualification : BA, MPM
Profession : Assistant Manager (HR)
Practising Karate Since: 2003
Dojo : Alpa Bachat Bhavan
Contact Info : +912026332551
Senpai Gopal Nair
Grade : 1st Dan
Qualification : D P.Ed, Advance Physical Training from AIPT
Profession : Ex-AIPT, Teacher (Ex-St Mary’s)
Practising Karate Since: 2007
Dojo : Alpa Bachat Bhavan
Contact Info : +91-9423530118
Gujrat Rep Jintendrakumar N. Chauhan
Grade : 2nd Dan
Qualification : BA
Profession : Police- Gujarat
Practising Karate Since: 2003
Dojo : 4/A, Gandhinagar Society, Navsari, Gujarat
Contact Info : +91- 7567172666
W Bengal Rep Joyjeet Chhatui (Chief Instructor – W. Bengal)
Grade : 4th Dan
Qualification : B. Com
Profession : Karate Instructor
Practising Karate Since: 1998
Dojo : Purbasha Sanskritik Chakra, Kol-94
Contact Info : +91-9831130273
Sensei Rupali Moze
Grade : 3rd Dan
Qualification : Bcom
Profession : Karate Instructor
Practising Karate Since: 1995
Dojo : Atur Bhavan | Ram Society
Contact Info : +919881385295
Senpai Vishal Lalbeg
Grade : 2nd Dan
Qualification : BSc
Profession : Karate Instructor
Practising Karate Since: 2008
Dojo : TBC
Contact Info : +91-7083566203
IFK KIHON REQUIREMENTS
| 10 Kyu Seiken (10 Technique) | Fudo Dachi, Morote Tsuki, Oi Tsuki, Jodan Uke, Mae Gedan Barai, Hiza Ganmen Geri, Kin Geri. |
| 9 Kyu Seiken (7 Technique) | Sanchin Dachi, Ago Uchi, Gyaku Tsuki, Uchi Uke, Soto Uke, Mae Geri Chusoku. |
| 8 Kyu (10 Technique) | Tata Tsuki, Shita Tsuki, Juan Tsuki, Morote Uchi Uke, Uchi Uke Gedan Barai, Mae Geri |
| 7 Kyu Tettsui (15 Technique) | Tettsui Uchi, Mawashi Gedan Barai, Shuto Mawashi Uke, Shuto Yoko Ke Age. |
| 6 Kyu Uraken (14 Technique) | Kiba Dachi, Uraken Uchi, Nukite, Juji Uke, Mawashi Gedan Barai Haisoku, Mawashi Geri Chusoku, Kansetsu Geri, Yoko Geri. |
| 5 Kyu Shotei (12 Technique) | Kiba Dachi, Moro Ashi Dachi, Shotei Uchi, Hiji Ate, Shotei Uke, Mawashi Geri Haisoku, Mawashi Chusoku, Ushiro Geri |
| 4 Kyu Shuto (15 Technique) | Sanchin Dachi, Shuto Uchi, Shuto Uke, Yoko Geri, Mawashi Geri Chusoko, Mawashi Geri Haisoku, Ushiro Geri. |
| 3 Kyu Hiji lub empi (12 Technique) | Sanchin Dachi, Hiji Ate, Shuto Juji, Kansetsu Geri, Agao Geri. |
| 2 Kyu Hiraken (14 Technique) | Sanchin Dachi, Hiraken Tsuki, Haisho Uchi, Aga Tsuki, Koken Uke, Tubi Nidan Geri, Tubi Mae Geri. |
| 1 Kyu (12 Technique) | Sanchin Dachi, Ryutoken Tsuki, Nakayubi Ipponken, Oyayubiken, Kake Uke, Haito Uchi, Uchi Haisoku Geri, Oroshi Kakatu Geri, Tubi Yoko Geri. |
| Shodan (14 Technique) | Sanchin Dachi, Morote Haito Uchi, Haisho Uchi, Morote Kake Uke, Osae Uke, Kake Geri Kakatu, Kakato Geri Chusoku, Ushiro Mawashi Geri. |
| Nidan (10 Technique) | Sanchin Dachi, Toho Uchi, Keiko Uchi, Ippon Nukite, Hiji Uke, Shotei Morote Uke, Shuto Morote Uke, Tubi Ushiro Geri, Tubi Ushiro Mawashi Geri, Tubi Mawashi Geri, Kakatu Ushiro Geri. |
IFK KATA REQUIREMENTS
| 10th Kyu | Taikyoku Sono Ichi |
| 9th Kyu | Taikyoku Sono Ni |
| 8th Kyu | Taikyoku Sono San |
| 7th Kyu | Pinan Sono Ichi |
| 6th Kyu | Pinan Sono Ni |
| 5th Kyu | Pinan Sono San |
| 4th Kyu | Sanchin no Kata with Ibuki |
| 3rd Kyu | Pinan Sono Yon |
| Sanchin no Kata with Kiai | |
| 3rd Kyu | Pinan Sono Go |
| Gekisai Dai | |
| 1st Kyu | Yansu |
| Tsuki no Kata | |
| Shodan | Tensho |
| Saiha | |
| Taikyoku Sono Ichi/Ni in Ura | |
| Taikyoku Sono San in Ura | |
| Nidan | Kanku Dai, Gekisai Sho, Seienchin, Pinan Sono Ichi in Ura |
| Sandan | Sushiho, Garyu, Seipai, Pinan Sono Ni in Ura |
GRADING FEES AND OPTIONS
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
The following are the options available to International Federation of Kyokushin (Karate) member countries in respect to Dan Gradings, certificate and black belt options.
OPTION 1
The fee charged is for both an IFK Dan Grade Certificate and Embroidered Black Belt
OPTION 2
The fee charged is for an IFK Dan Grade Certificate only. (no belt)
OPTION 3
The fee charged is for an IFK Dan Grade Certificate only. (No belt) where a Country Representative wishes to obtain a certificate for a student who has been previously been graded by another organization.
GENERAL NOTE
A completed IFK Grading Application Form must accompany all Grading applications and the correct fee (in INR) before a grading will be considered and a certificate and belt issued.
| Option 1 IFK Belt and Certificate | Option 2 IFK Certificate Only | Option 3 IFK Certificate for previous grade |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Option 1 | 9,000 | 5,300 | 2,000 |
| Option 2 | 10,000 | 6,500 | 2,500 |
| Option 3 | 11,000 | 7,500 | 3,000 |
| Option 4 | 13,000 | 8,500 | 3,500 |
| Option 5 | 15,000 | 11,500 | 4,000 |
| Option 6 | 17,000 | 14,500 | 5,000 |
Please note: The Camp fees will be charged separately which will include hotel accommodation, food and transport.
YADUNSA LIST
| First Name | Last Name | Grade |
|---|---|---|
| Hanshi Sapan B | Chakraborty | HachiDan |
| Shihan Jacintha | D Souza | RokuDan |
| Shihan Yogesh | Dangare | GoDan |
| Sensei Sakhi | Deshpande | YonDan |
| Sensei Jatin | Chakraborty | YonDan |
| Senpai Kiran | Alatgi | Sandan |
| Senpai Shahine | Ardeshir | Nidan |
| Senpai Prashant | Kankokar | Sandan |
| Senpai Nishant | Sanghvi | Shodan |
| Senpai Neal | Shah | Shodan |
| Sensei Hrishikesh | Kankokar | Sandan |
| Senpai Shubham | Sharma | Shodan |
| Senpai Emmanuel | Bhosale | Shodan |
| Senpai Richa | Mishra | Nidan |
| Senpai Anand | Lalwani | Shodan |
| Senpai Kshitij | Palresha | Shodan |
| Senpai Yash | Chordia | Shodan |
| Senpai Shahyan | Sataravala | Shodan |
| Senpai Amrita | Gopal | Shodan |
| Senpai Kavita | Ghoran | Sandan |
| Senpai Anusha | Patel | Shodan |
| Senpai Tejomay | Ladkat | Shodan |
| Senpai Chinmay | Kendurkar | Shodan |
| Senpai Kayomard | Irani | Shodan |
| Senpai Meherzad | Motafram | Shodan |
| Senpai Akshay | Jadhav | Shodan |
| Senpai Yusuf | Nagarwala | Shodan |
| Senpai Kunal | Karwa | Shodan |
| Senpai Vishal | Lalbeg | Nidan |
| Senpai Sarthak | Bhatt | Shodan |
| Senpai Abdulqadir | Nulwalla | Shodan |
| Senpai Kaitlyn | Vaz | Shodan |
| Senpai Aditya | Padwal | Shodan |
| Senpai Pranav | Waghmare | Shodan |
| Senpai Prajakta | Khandve | Shodan |
| Senpai Akshay | Mane | Shodan |
| Senpai Piyush | Mane | Shodan |
| Senpai Avraj | Chhabra | Shodan |
| Senpai Atharva | Kadam | Shodan |
| Senpai Abhay | Thombre | Shodan |
| Senpai Neerja | Doshi | Shodan |
| Senpai Malvika | Gode | Shodan |
| Senpai Geetanjali | Gode | Nidan |
| Shihan Sushant | Moze | GoDan |
| Senpai Param | Iyer | Shodan |
| Senpai Rupali | Moze | Sandan |
| Senpai Sujita | K.S. | Shodan |
| Senpai Ashish | Agarwal | Nidan |
| Senpai Daxa | Rathore | Shodan |
| Senpai Hiren | Lumbhani | Shodan |
| Senpai Pururav | Singh | Shodan |
| Senpai Hussain | Nagarwalla | Shodan |
| Senpai Zainab | Nagarwalla | Shodan |
| Senpai Suraj | Shodan | |
| Senpai Piyush | Kapila | Shodan |
| Senpai Veer | Sanghavi | Shodan |
| Sensei Joyjeet | Chahuti | Yondan |
| Senpai Amitesh | Dhar | Nidan |
| Senpai Amit | Shah | Shodan |
| Senpai Anthony | Nadar | Sandan |
| Senpai Vaishak | Kothari | Nidan |
| Senpai Faiz Ali | Qureshi | Nidan |
| Senpai Vishal | Bhalerao | Shodan |
| Senpai Yash | Hinduja | Shodan |
| Senpai Pratik | Bhad | Shodan |
| Senpai Kiara | D Souza | Nidan |
| Senpai Atanu | Choudhury | Nidan |
| Senpai Prakash | Cheguri | Shodan |
| Senpai Tejas | Rasge | Shodan |
| Senpai Swapnil | Pendse | Shodan |
| Senpai Nitisha | Lakra | Shodan |
| Senpai Ishani | Halder | Nidan |
| Senpai Adrita | Das | Shodan |
| Senpai Himangshi | Singhania | Shodan |
| Senpai Roopsa | Karmakar | Shodan |
| Senpai Moulisree | Karmakar | Shodan |
| Senpai Bijetree | Das | Shodan |
| Senpai Konkona | Roy | Shodan |
| Senpai Argha Ranjan | Das | Shodan |
| Senpai Sahil | Biswas | Shodan |
| Senpai Jitendra | Chuhan | Nidan |
| Sensei Shib Sankar | De | Sandan |
| Senpai Kamlesh | Kudade | Shodan |
| Senpai Isita | Jana | Shodan |
| Senpai Parmindar | Kaur | Shodan |
| Senpai Ipsita | Mandal | Shodan |
| Senpai Shruti | Nath | Shodan |
| Senpai Arijit | Chakraborty | Shodan |
| Senpai Medha | Ganguly | Shodan |
| Senpai Atisha | Bhattacharya | Shodan |
| Senpai Abantika | Chakraborty | Shodan |
| Senpai Anandita | Chowdhury | Shodan |
| Senpai Ria | Malhotra | Shodan |
| Senpai Vasundhara | Dixit | Shodan |
| Senpai Shreya | Das | Shodan |
| Senpai Shrestha | Roy | Shodan |
| Senpai Ajay | Tribhuvan | Shodan |
| Senpai Vivan | Bhandari | Shodan |
| Senpai Maryam | Khan | Nidan |
| Senpai Mayurkumar | Patel | Shodan |
| Senpai Rahul | Sangwan | Shodan |
| Senpai Tanmay | Jagtap | Nidan |
| Senpai Aakash | Matkar | Shodan |
| Senpai Siddhi | Moze | Shodan |
| Senpai Muhammad | Khan | Nidan |
| Senpai Aman | Bhoskar | Nidan |
| Senpai Archi | Biswas | Shodan |
| Senpai Sankar | Majumder | Shodan |
| Senpai Manideepa | Mandi | Shodan |
| Senpai Hrishita | Das | Shodan |
| Senpai Riddhi | Sen | Shodan |
| Senpai Aryan | Lunkad | Shodan |
| Senpai Tushar | Lalbeg | Shodan |
| Senpai Umer | Qureshi | Shodan |
| Senpai Rudradev | Arya | Shodan |
| Senpai Avishikta | Basu | Shodan |
| Senpai Ankit | Mondal | Shodan |
| Senpai Sohini | Kundu | Shodan |
| Senpai Volga B | Saha | Shodan |
| Senpai Kuhelika | Mandal | Shodan |
| Senpai Joyeetri | Chakraborty | Shodan |
| Senpai Kojagori D | Chakraborty | Shodan |
| Senpai Anushka | Ghosh | Shodan |
| Senpai Debadrita | Chakraborty | Shodan |
| Senpai Shreejana | Gupta | Shodan |
| Senpai Kishalay | Das | Shodan |
| Senpai Kathamrita | Das | Shodan |
| Senpai Pankaj | Meet | Shodan |
| Senpai Yashika | Gupta | Shodan |
| Senpai Pakhi | Jain | Shodan |
| Senpai Rishika | Gupta | Shodan |
| Senpai Rishon | Lazarus | Shodan |
| Senpai Casandra | D'Souza | Shodan |
| Senpai Rahul | Virpache | Nidan |
| Senpai Mohammed | Khan | Shodan |
| Senpai Priyanjona | Naskar | Nidan |
| Senpai Prashanta | Karmarkar | Shodan |
| Senpai Sanjana | Pandey | Shodan |
| Senpai Arush | Chudgar | Shodan |
| Senpai Anshuman | Dhembare | Shodan |
| Senpai Venesa | Paul | Shodan |
| Senpai Raai | Patil | Shodan |
| Senpai Shouryendu | Bandyopadhyay | Shodan |
| Senpai Swaran | Udasi | Shodan |
| Senpai Abhijeet | Gavali | Nidan |
| Senpai Manish | Phadatare | Shodan |
| Senpai Nikhita | Patel | Shodan |
| Senpai Areez | Madraswalla | Nidan |
| Senpai Vinay Singh | Hunnuman | Shodan |
| Senpai Shaun | Patel | Shodan |
| Senpai Omkar | Bhadbade | Shodan |
| Senpai Subir | Roychoudhary | Shodan |
| Senpai Maahir | Dadlani | Nidan |
| Senpai Zareen | Bharucha | Nidan |
| Senpai Tejas | Dholepatil | Shodan |
| Senpai Fayaz | Shaikh | Shodan |
| Senpai Rashida | Vasaiwalla | Shodan |
| Senpai Zeeba | Irani | Shodan |
| Senpai Geetanjali | Ghoran | Nidan |
| Senpai Sudipti | Roychoudhary | Nidan |
| Senpai Suruchi | Roychoudhary | Nidan |
| Senpai Sudershan | Salariya | Shodan |
| Senpai Tejas | Kulkarni | Shodan |
| Senpai Akshay | Malhotra | Shodan |
| Senpai Rohan | Srinivass | Shodan |
| Senpai Dushyant | Shah | Shodan |
| Senpai Aditya | Gaekwad | Shodan |
| Senpai Krishna | Agarwal | Shodan |
| Senpai Kaustubh | Sikarwar | Shodan |
| Senpai Arjun | Bali | Shodan |
| Senpai Sagarika | Nair | Shodan |
| Senpai Lokesh | Lachake | Shodan |
| Senpai Vignesh | Balasubramanium | Shodan |
| Senpai Rahul | Belani | Shodan |
| Senpai Vishwa | Vijay | Shodan |
| Senpai Reva | Lokhande | Shodan |
| Senpai Tanya | Nirmal | Shodan |
| Senpai Gaurav | Virkar | Shodan |
| Senpai Yogesh | Shelar | Shodan |
| Senpai Divya Chakshu | Sharma | Shodan |
| Senpai Suhrid | Sundaram | Shodan |
| Senpai Mazahir | Akolawala | Shodan |
| Senpai Faizan | Ansari | Shodan |
| Senpai Shahan | Irani | Shodan |
| Senpai Jugal | Parmar | Shodan |
| Senpai Aashna | Patodia | Shodan |
| Senpai Aditya | Varma | Shodan |
| Senpai Saleena | Aggarwal | Shodan |
| Senpai Roshni | Sarkar | Shodan |
| Senpai Anvita | Sarkar | Shodan |
| Senpai Abhishek | Prasad | Shodan |
| Senpai Dhvani | Khatri | Shodan |
| Senpai Puneet | Khanuja | Shodan |
| Senpai Ritu | Panchal | Shodan |
| Senpai Yashdeep | Khanuja | Shodan |
| Senpai Kalpesh | Krishna | Shodan |
| Senpai Rohit | Jethwani | Shodan |
| Senpai Gaurav | Jethwani | Shodan |
| Senpai Viren | Desadla | Shodan |
| Senpai Apurv | Chordia | Shodan |
| Senpai Habil | Bhagat | Shodan |
| Senpai Kashmira | Patel | Shodan |
| Senpai Rohan | Datta | Shodan |
| Senpai Conan | Alexander | Shodan |
| Senpai Mayur | Ajmera | Shodan |
| Senpai Aagna | Ajmera | Shodan |
| Senpai Utsav | Mathur | Shodan |
| Senpai Aditi | Mullick | Shodan |
| Senpai Cheryl | Christi | Shodan |
| Senpai Laloo | DC | Shodan |
| Senpai Rahul | Mullick | Shodan |
| Senpai Mrinalini | Shinde | Shodan |
| Senpai Rayan | Doshi | Shodan |
| Senpai Yogaish | Soophul | Shodan |
| Sensei Sakhi | Deshpande | YonDan |
| Senpai Nishant | Deshmukh | Shodan |
| Senpai Sreejana | Gupta | Shodan |
| Senpai Laxmi | Khatri | Shodan |
| Senpai Anoushka | Desai | Shodan |
| Senpai Mihika | Desai | Shodan |
| Senpai Prisha | Burman | Shodan |
| Senpai Daniel | Zachariah | Shodan |
| Senpai Arnaav | Phadatare | Shodan |
| Senpai Mohammed | Qureshi | Shodan |
GRADES
STATUTORY TIME LIMIT BETWEEN EXAMINATIONS
Grading may be taken at four monthly intervals.
10th Kyu
9th Kyu
8th Kyu
7th Kyu
6th Kyu
5th Kyu
4th Kyu
3rd KyuGrading may be taken at six monthly intervals.
2nd Kyu
1st Kyu
1st KYU TO SHODAN
Students should have trained constantly for a minimum of one year from the date of obtaining the grade of 1st Kyu. It is expected that the student must have trained for at least three years continuously and be over 14 years of age.
ShoDan
SHODAN TO NIDAN
Students should have trained constantly for a minimum of two years from the date of obtaining the grade of Shodan and be over 18 years of age.
NiDan
NIDAN TO SANDAN
Students should have trained constantly for a minimum of three years from the date of obtaining the grade of Nidan.
SanDan
SANDAN TO YODAN
Minimum of four years should have elapsed since the date of obtaining the grade of Sandan. This grade is on the recommendation of Hanshi
YonDan
NOMENCLATURE
Shihan – Master. GODAN and above.
Sensei – Teacher. SANDAN and above.
Senpai – Senior student. SHODAN and above.
Kancho – Head of the World Organization.
Kohai – Junior.
Each golden stripe on the black belt indicates Dan grade.